Research progress on the correlation between choroidal blood flow perfusion and myopia in children / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Myopia is the most common type of refractive error. At present, the characteristics of the low age and rapid growth of myopia in our country are obvious, and the myopia of adolescents and children has become a public health problem of concern to the whole society. Visual experience guides the development of children's refractive state and emmetropization. The occurrence and development of myopia is accompanied by changes in the structure of the eyeball, and the choroid has a thinning trend. The thickness change of the choroid may be determined by blood flow perfusion. Decreased choroidal blood flow perfusion may lead to scleral ischemia and hypoxia, and hypoxia induces scleral matrix remodeling and axial length growth. This article reviews the relationship between choroidal blood flow and myopia, and suggests the significance of paying attention to choroidal changes in the prevention and control of myopia.

The influencing factors of surgically induced astigmatism in phacoemulsification / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To investigate the influencing factors of surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) in phacoemulsification. 【Methods】 Cataract phacoemulsification was performed in 69 patients with regular corneal astigmatism from December 2021 to March 2022. SIA of the anterior corneal surface, posterior corneal surface and simulated keratometry (SimK) in the diameter range of 3 mm, 5 mm and 7 mm centered at the apex of the cornea was observed. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze SIA with age, axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), white-to-white (WTW), and central corneal thickness (CCT). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of SIA. 【Results】 The mean age of the 69 patients was (63.25±14.74) years old, and 28 (40.58%) were male. The analysis found that the |SIA| of SimK was negatively correlated with WTW (r=-0.265, P=0.028), the |SIA| of 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm anterior surface was negatively correlated with WTW (r=-0.320, P=0.007; r=-0.337, P=0.005; r=-0.287, P=0.017), and the |SIA| of 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm posterior surface was negatively correlated with AL (r=-0.390, P=0.001; r=-0.352, P=0.003; r=-0.317, P=0.008). Multiple regression analysis showed that WTW was negatively correlated with |SIA| of SimK, 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm anterior surface and 3 mm posterior surface (B=-0.261, P=0.047; B=-0.387, P=0.016; B=-0.323, P=0.009; B=-0.297, P=0.041; B=-0.085, P=0.049). WTW was positively correlated with XSIA of 3 mm anterior surface, YSIA of 5 mm, and 7 mm anterior surface (B=0.347, P=0.040; B=0.318, P=0.034; B=0.403, P=0.010). AL was negatively correlated with |SIA| on the posterior surface of 3 mm and 5 mm (B=-0.023, P=0.021; B=-0.034, P=0.030). 【Conclusion】 During cataract surgery, the effect of ocular biological parameters such as axial length and corneal diameter on SIA should be considered.

Evaluation of 18F-FDG PET/CT myocardial metabolism image quality / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To evaluate the value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography ( 18F-FDG PET/CT) myocardial metabolic image quality by the ratio of the maximum standard uptake value (M/B) of left ventricular myocardium to cardiac blood pool. Methods:The clinical data of 145 non diabetes patients with coronary heart disease who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2016 to August 2022 were retrospectively selected. All patients received intravenous injection of 18F-FDG for myocardial glucose metabolism imaging. According to the visual (qualitative) analysis, the image was divided into three categories: the best, the second best and the worst. Group A was the best image quality group, while Group B was the second best and the worst image quality group. The left ventricular myocardium, cardiac blood pool and descending aorta were semi-quantitatively analyzed, and M/B was calculated. Results:All 145 patients underwent image fusion analysis. Image visual (qualitative) analysis showed that the myocardial metabolic image quality of 111 patients was evaluated as the best (111 patients in Group A), 19 patients as the second best, and 15 patients as the worst (34 patients in Group B). The SUVmax value of the descending aorta in the two groups was lower than that of the left ventricle, with statistically significant difference (all P<0.05). The M/B value of group A was higher than that of group B, with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). Conclusions:For the evaluation of image quality and the reliability of image interpretation, M/B value may be a good evaluation index, which reduces the interference of image quality evaluation due to high 18F-FDG uptake in some heart blood pools (background), and improves the accuracy of evaluation of myocardial viability.

Characteristics of fusion gene expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To analyze the genetic landscape of 52 fusion genes in patients with de novo acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to investigate the characteristics of other laboratory results. Methods: The fusion gene expression was retrospectively analyzed in the 1 994 patients with de novo ALL diagnosed from September 2016 to December 2020. In addition, their mutational, immunophenotypical and karyotypical profiles were investigated. Results: In the 1 994 patients with ALL, the median age was 12 years (from 15 days to 89 years). In the panel of targeted genes, 15 different types of fusion genes were detected in 884 patients (44.33%) and demonstrated a Power law distribution. The frequency of detectable fusion genes in B-cell ALL was significantly higher than that in T-cell ALL (48.48% vs 18.71%), and fusion genes were almost exclusively expressed in B-cell ALL or T-cell ALL. The number of fusion genes showed peaks at<1 year, 3-5 years and 35-44 years, respectively. More fusion genes were identified in children than in adults. MLL-FG was most frequently seen in infants and TEL-AML1 was most commonly seen in children, while BCR-ABL1 was dominant in adults. The majority of fusion gene mutations involved signaling pathway and the most frequent mutations were observed in NRAS and KRAS genes. The expression of early-stage B-cell antigens varied in B-cell ALL patients. The complex karyotypes were more common in BCR-ABL1 positive patients than others. Conclusion: The distribution of fusion genes in ALL patients differs by ages and cell lineages. It also corresponds to various gene mutations, immunophenotypes, and karyotypes.

Association of ambient fine particulate air pollution with hospitalization costs and stays for depression in China: a multicity analysis / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To explore the effect of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution on depression hospitalization cost and length of stay in 57 cities of China. Methods: A total of 84 207 patients with depression in 57 cities of China from January 2013 to December 2017 were selected as the subjects. The demographic characteristics and hospitalization status of the patients were obtained from the database of basic medical insurance for urban workers and urban residents in China. The environmental exposure data of the same period were obtained from the national air quality real-time release platform of China Environmental Monitoring Station. A generalized additive model based on quasi-Poisson distribution was used to analyze PM2.5 exposure effect in each city, and the nonlinear mixing of moving average temperature, relative humidity and date was controlled by natural smooth spline function. Results: Among the included cities, southern cities accounted for 50.88% (29), and the number of female inpatients, hospitalization costs and hospitalization days accounted for 62.65%, 63.50% and 60.85% (42 735 cases, 567.78 million yuan and 1.14 million days, respectively). The proportion of hospitalized cases, hospitalization cost and length of stay in the age group of 40 to 64 years old were 59.15% (40 346 cases), 53.92% (482.15 million yuan) and 52.07% (0.98 million days), respectively. PM2.5 level was positively correlated with the number of hospitalized cases with depression, hospitalization cost and length of stay. When the 3-day moving average of PM2.5 exposure level increased by 10 μg/m3, the number of hospitalization cases increased by 0.64%. The attributed percentage (95%CI) of hospitalized cases, hospitalization costs and length of stay were 3.35% (0.57%-6.04%), 3.04% (0.52%-5.48%) and 3.07% (0.49%-5.56%), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the attributed percentage of hospitalization cases, hospitalization cost and length of stay to PM2.5 exposure ranged from 3.97% to 4.68%, 4.04% to 4.33% and 4.13% to 4.30% in northern China, male and cold season, respectively. Conclusion: PM2.5 exposure is associated with the increase of hospitalization cost and length of stay among Chinese urban population with depression.

Household determinants of non suicidal self injury among adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze household determinants of adolescents non suicidal self injury(NSSI), and to provide scientific basis for NSSI intervention amogn adolescents.@*Methods@#Using stratified random cluster sampling method, 15 623 middle school students aged 11-20 were selected from Heilongjiang, Anhui, Hubei, Yunnan, and Guangdong provinces, and non suicidal self injury and related household determinants were investigated by questionnaire.@*Results@#The survey showed that 28.8% of people who had NSSI in the past year accounted;among them,17.6% had 1-4 times(occasional self injury) and 11.2% had 5 times or more(repeated self injury) univariate results showed that whether they were an only child, family type, educational level of the main caregiver, family rearing style, family monthly income per capita, and whether there was a family history of mental illness was associated with adolescents NSSI ( χ 2=6.30-12.16, P <0.05); multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that whether one child or family parenting style is still significantly related to occasional NSSI( OR =1.11,1.34, P <0.05)after controlling for gender, age, grade, ethnicity, emotional control, resilience, loneliness and social support; whether it is an only child, educational level of the main caregiver and family parenting style are still significantly related to repeated NSSI ( OR =1.19，0.69，1.57， P <0.05); stratified analysis by region shows that the influencing factors of NSSI in adolescents in each region are different.@*Conclusion@#Family factors such as the only child and the education level of the main caregiver may be related to the occurrence of adolescents NSSI, but there are regional differences in the family impact of NSSI.

Analysis on Antidepressant Mechanism of Verbascoside Based on RNA-Seq Technology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objetive： To investigate the mechanism of antidepressant effect of verbascoside based on high-throughput sequencing technology （RNA-Seq），and to explore the possible targets and signaling pathways. MethodsForty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group，model group，fluoxetine group and verbascoside group，10 mice in each group. Except for the control group，all the other three groups were constructed with chronic unpredictable mild stimulation （CUMS） combined with solitary feeding for four weeks. Control group，fluoxetine group and verbascoside group were administered by gavage once daily for three weeks during the second week of modeling. The mice were assessed by sugar-water preference test，forced swimming test，open field test，elevated cross maze test，and water maze test. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was performed to detect the levels of major neurotransmitters and inflammatory factors in mice serum，and mRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed in the nucleus accumben and colon to screen differentially expressed genes and perform pathway enrichment analysis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of Gad，Slc32a1（VGAT） and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF） in nucleus accumbens. ResultCompared with the control group，the anxiety and depression-like behaviors in the model group increased，while the learning and memory ability decreased significantly. The content of neurotransmitter in serum decreased significantly. The content of pro-inflammatory factors increased significantly. The mRNA expression of Gad and Slc32a1（VGAT） in nucleus accumbens decreased significantly，while that of BDNF increased significantly. Compared with the model group，the anxiety and depression-like behavior of mice in verbascoside group was significantly relieved. The neurotransmitter content increased significantly，and the pro-inflammatory factors decreased significantly. The mRNA expression of Gad and Slc32a1（VGAT） in nucleus accumbens increased significantly，while that of BDNF decreased significantly.A total of 48 differentially expressed genes in nucleus accumbens and 43 differentially expressed genes in colon were screened by high-throughput sequencing. Differential genes in nucleus accumbens mainly focus on neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction， γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA）ergic synapse，synaptic vesicle cycle and other pathways. Colonic differential genes are mainly concentrated in GABAergic synapses，synaptic vesicle circulation，cyclic adenosine monophosphate（cAMP） signal pathway and other signal pathways. Compared with the control group，the mRNA expression of Gad and Slc32a1（VGAT） in nucleus accumbens of model group decreased significantly，while the mRNA expression of BDNF increased significantly. ConclusionVerbascoside has significant antidepressant effects. Its antidepressant effect may be related to the increase of monoamine neurotransmitters，the decrease of pro-inflammatory factors and the restoration of neurotransmitter homeostasis by increasing GABA，and it mainly acts through the signaling pathways such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction，GABAergic synapses，synaptic vesicle cycle and cAMP signaling pathway.

Mechanism of Baihe Dihuangtang in Treatment of Depression with Yin Deficiency and Internal Heat / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo establish a traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome model with yin deficiency and internal heat， discuss the rationality of model evaluation， and analyze differentially expressed genes in multiple dimensions to explore the molecular mechanism-signaling pathways as well as key targets of Baihe Dihuangtang （BHDH） in treating depression with Yin deficiency and internal heat. MethodForty male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank control group，a model group，a fluoxetine group （positive drug），a BHDH group， and a Zhibai Dihuangtang group （positive drug for Yin deficiency and internal heat）. The depression model with Yin deficiency and internal heat was induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS）combined with Chinese herbal drugs with warm and heat nature. The model established was comprehensively evaluated by the detection of the basic condition， behavioral performance， and biochemical indicators of rats in each group. The differentially expressed genes were screened out by mRNA sequencing and underwent Gene Ontology（GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） pathway enrichment analyses. The protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was plotted and key genes were analyzed to explore the underlying mechanism of BHDH in treating depression with Yin deficiency and internal heat. ResultThe comparison of basic conditions， behavioral assays， energy metabolism， endocrine hormones， cytokines， and neurotransmitters showed that the model was properly induced. BHDH could significantly improve depression with Yin deficiency and internal heat by regulating the pathways related to the nervous system， endocrine system， and inflammatory and immune system. The key genes of the PPI network were Fos， Epha8， Npy2r， Htr2c， and Nr4a1. ConclusionUnder the guidance of TCM theories of treatment based on syndrome differentiation and etiology and pathogenesis，this study established a depression model with yin deficiency and internal heat in animals and evaluation system in accordance with the symptoms and signs of emotional diseases， and further confirmed the scientificity of the modeling method and the underlying mechanism of BHDH in interfering with depression with Yin deficiency and internal heat based on the results of mRNA sequencing.

Treatment of Diabetic Depression with Traditional Chinese Medicine：A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Diabetes and depression are both incurable chronic diseases， which are complementary and integrated. They are clinically called diabetic depression. A large number of epidemiological and clinical studies have confirmed that diabetes interacts with depression， leading to complex conditions of diabetic depression， difficult treatment， and poor prognosis. Diabetes and depression are considered two independent diseases in the majority of the existing clinical methods for the treatment of diabetic depression， with many defects such as low efficiency and severe side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatment of diabetic depression， characterized by multiple targets， multiple pathways， and overall coordination， can adjust the synergy between multiple systems of the body and is advantageous in the treatment of diabetic depression. However， the evaluation of the efficacy of TCM in the treatment of diabetic depression is mostly limited to the improvement of clinical symptoms， the control of blood sugar level， and the score of depression scale， and there is a lack of in-depth research on the mechanism of action. Therefore， many researchers are devoted to exploring the underlying mechanism of TCM in the treatment of diabetes combined with depression. Clarifying the comorbidity mechanism is the key in treating diabetic depression. In this study， we made an introduction according to the mechanism based on the relevant research reports on the treatment of diabetic depression with TCM and summarized its specific mechanisms， including insulin resistance， oxidative stress and inflammation， and nervous system disorder. The interaction between the various mechanisms has further aggravated the complexity of diabetic depression. We have drawn a diagram of the mechanism pathways of diabetic depression in order to provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Differential Expression of Long Non-coding RNA Cancer Susceptibility Candidate 2 and Imprinted Gene H19 in Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the expression and the potential roles of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)cancer susceptibility candidate 2(CASC2)and imprinted gene H19 in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ECC). Methods Four samples from patients with ECC were collected for high-throughput sequencing which was conducted to reveal the transcriptomic profiles of lncRNA CASC2 and H19.Bioinformatics tools were employed to predict the potential roles of the two genes.Another 22 ECC tissue samples and the cholangiocarcinoma cell lines(RBE,QBC939,HuH-28,and HuCCT1)with different degrees of differentiation were selected for validation.The para-carcinoma tissue and normal human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cell(HIBEC)were used as the control groups.The expression levels of lncRNA CASC2 and H19 in carcinoma tissue,para-carcinoma tissue,and cell lines were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The correlation analysis was carried out for the clinical indicators of patients with the expression levels of the target genes. Results The two target genes showed significantly different expression between carcinoma tissue and para-carcinoma tissue(all P<0.05).Specifically,CASC2 had higher expression level in the carcinoma tissue than in the para-carcinoma tissue(t=1.262,P=0.025),whereas the expression of H19 showed an opposite trend(t=1.285,P=0.005).The expression levels of CASC2 in QBC939(t=8.114,P=0.015)and HuH-28(t=9.202,P=0.012)cells were significantly higher than that in the control group.The expression levels of H19 were significantly lower in RBE(t=-10.244,P<0.001),QBC939(t=-10.476,P<0.001),HuH-28(t=-19.798,P<0.001),and HuCCT1(t=-16.193,P=0.004)cells than in the control group.Bioinformatics analysis showed that CASC2 was mainly involved in the metabolic process and H19 in the development of multicellular organisms.Both CASC2 and H19 were related to catalytic activity.The expression level of lncRNA CASC2 was correlated with pathological differentiation(χ 2=6.222,P=0.022)and lymph node metastasis(χ2=5.455,P=0.020),and that of lncRNA H19 with pathological differentiation(χ2=1.174,P=0.029)and tumor size(χ2=-0.507,P=0.037). Conclusions In the case of ECC,lncRNA CASC2 and H19 have transcription disorders.lncRNA CASC2 is generally up-regulated in the carcinoma tissue,while H19 is down-regulated.Both genes have the potential to become new molecular markers for ECC.

Sensitization characteristics of Juniperus chinensis pollen in Beijing area / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the sensitization characteristics of Juniperus chinensis pollen in patients with allergic rhinitis and/or allergic asthma in Beijing area, and to explore the characteristics of Juniper chinensis pollen sensitized population. Methods: Patients with suspected allergic rhinitis and/or asthma from January 2017 to December 2019 in the outpatient department of Allergy Department of Beijing Shijitan Hospital were selected in this study. Skin prick test (SPT) was performed with Juniper chinensis pollen allergen reagent to compare different age and disease allergen distribution, and to observe the sensitization characteristics of its population. All of the analyses were performed using SAS software version 9.4. Results: A total of 8 380 patients were enrolled in the end. The total positive rate of Juniper chinensis pollen SPT reached 49.92% (4 183/8 380). The positive rate of Juniper chinensis pollen SPT was highest in the 10-14 age group, reaching 60.99% (283/464). Compared with other age groups, there was a statistical difference (χ²=266.77, P<0.01). The SPT positive rate of patients aged less than 10 years increased with the increase of age, while the SPT positive rate of patients aged over 40 years decreased with the increase of age. Single Juniper chinensis pollen was less allergenic, accounting for about 25.05% (1 048/4 183), and the patients' age was (35.21±12.39) years. Regardless of single Juniper chinensis pollen or other pollen allergies, allergic rhinitis was the main disease. Among the patients with SPT positive Juniper chinensis pollen combined with other inhaled pollen allergens, willow pollen accounted for the first (74.99%). The positive rate of Juniper chinensis pollen was the highest in patients with single allergic rhinitis, accounting for 52.05% (3 797/7 295), and the rate in patients with single allergic asthma was the lowest, accounting for 17.49% (53/303), with statistically difference (χ²=138.99, P<0.01). Conclusions: Juniper chinensis pollen is highly sensitized in patients with allergic rhinitis and/or allergic asthma in Beijing . The positive rate of SPT is highest among 10-14 age group, most of which showed strong positive reaction, and allergic rhinitis is more common in Juniper chinensis pollen sensitization diseases.

Analysis of characteristics of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced seasonal allergic rhinitis in the Inner Mongolian grassland region of China / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) as well as the distribution and sensitization characteristics of Chenopodiaceae pollen in Inner Mongolia grassland of northern China. Methods: From May 2015 to August 2015, using stratified, cluster and random sampling, a field interviewer-administered survey study and skin prick test (SPT) were conducted in six areas of Inner Mongolia grassland (Xilinhot, Erenhot, Duolun, Tongliao, Jarud, Kailu), and pollen monitoring was carried out in the above six areas from January 1 to December 31 of 2015. The clinical characteristics of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR, distribution and sensitization characteristics of Chenopodiaceae pollen in these regions were observed. SAS software 9.4 was used for data processing. Results: A total of 6 043 subjects completed the study. The prevalence of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR was 13.2% (795/6 043). The highest prevalence was found in the 18-39 age group. Subjects from urban areas showed higher prevalence of SAR than rural areas (61.2% vs 37.9%, P<0.001). There was significant regional difference in the prevalence rate of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR among the above six areas (Xilinhot 21.5%, Erenhot 17.8%, Duolun 8.9%, Tongliao 6.9%, Jarud 15.3%, Kailu 9.7%, P<0.001). The main clinical symptoms of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR were sneezing (96.5%) and nasal itching (92.2%). Eye itching was more obvious among the ocular symptoms (69.1%), while fatigue (32.1%) and drowsiness (31.5%) were more prominent among other related symptoms. Among comorbidities of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR, allergic conjunctivitis accounted for 71.4% (568/795), food allergy accounted for 86.7% (689/795) and asthma accounted for 16.7% (133/795). The peak of Chenopodiaceae pollen spread was in August. The prevalence of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR was positively correlated with the concentration of Chenopodiaceae pollen (R2=0.78, P=0.043). The SPT positive rate of Chenopodiaceae pollen was 21.2% (1 282/6 043), and Xilinhot had the highest rate in six regions (28.0%, 236/842). Conclusions: The prevalence of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR in Inner Mongolia grassland stays at a high level. Sneezing is the most obvious symptom of SAR. The peak of Chenopodiaceae pollen spread is in August and the prevalence of Chenopodiaceae pollen induced SAR is positively correlated with the pollen concentration.

Serological Identification and FUT1 Gene Mutation Analysis of 8 Individuals with Para-Bombay Phenotypes in Guangxi / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the serological characteristics and molecular biological basis of 8 individuals with Para-Bombay phenotypes in Guangxi area.@*METHODS@#Serological tests were used to identify the blood groups of red cells. Molecular biological methods, including PCR-SSP for ABO genotyping and DNA sequencing for FUT1, were used to detect the genotypes of ABO and FUT1 which determined the expression of H antigen.@*RESULTS@#Eight individuals in the study were all the Para-Bombay phenotypes, including 4 cases of B@*CONCLUSION@#There are varieties of molecular genetic mechanisms for Para-Bombay phenotypes. In this study, the FUT1 mutations that cause Para-Bombay phenotypes in Guangxi area are mainly h3, h

Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Trigonella foenum-graecum / 中国中药杂志

Trigonella foenum-graecum is an annual plant of the genus Trigonella in the Leguminosae family. It is widely distributed in China and has a long history of application. According to phytochemistry research, the seeds, stem, and leaves of this herb contain not only a variety of bioactive ingredients, including alkaloids, saponins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, and phenols, but also abundant nutrients such as unsaturated fatty acids and amino acids and various trace elements. Pharmacological studies have shown that both the extract of T. foenum-graecum and its chemical constituents exhibit hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antitumor, antioxidative, antimicro-bial, and hepatoprotective activities. This paper reviews the research progress on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of T. foenum-graecum, which may contribute to further development, application, and clinical research of this herb.

Effect of Functional Electrical Stimulation Rehabilitation Cycling on Lower Limb Motor Function in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To explore the effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES) rehabilitation cycling on lower limb motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods From November, 2017 to December, 2020, 36 children with spastic hemiplegia in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital were randomly divided into control group (n = 18) and observation group (n = 18). The control group received routine rehabilitation training twice a day, and the observation group received FES rehabilitation cycling in addition, for eight weeks. Before and after treatment, the muscle tension of gastrocnemius and hamstring muscles on hemiplegic side was evaluated by modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), the change of walking speed was evaluated by 10-meter walking speed, the change of walking endurance was evaluated by 6-minute Walking Test, the walking function was evaluated by areas D and E of Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), and the energy consumption was evaluated by physiological cost index (PCI) . Results Two cases dropped out in the observation group. After training, there was no significant difference in MAS score of gastrocnemius muscle in both groups (t < 1.145, P > 0.05), the MAS score of hamstring muscle significantly decreased in the observation group (t = 4.869, P < 0.001), and no significant change was found in the control group (t = 1.458, P > 0.05). After training, the 10-meter walking speed, 6-minute walking distance, the score of GMFM and PCI significantly improved in both groups (|t| > 6.241, P < 0.001), and were better in the observation group than in the control group (|t| > 2.097, P < 0.05). Conclusion FES rehabilitation cycling training can improve the lower limb motor function of children with spastic hemiplegia.

Effect of Functional Electrical Stimulation Rehabilitation Cycling on Lower Limb Motor Function in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To explore the effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES) rehabilitation cycling on lower limb motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods From November, 2017 to December, 2020, 36 children with spastic hemiplegia in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital were randomly divided into control group (n = 18) and observation group (n = 18). The control group received routine rehabilitation training twice a day, and the observation group received FES rehabilitation cycling in addition, for eight weeks. Before and after treatment, the muscle tension of gastrocnemius and hamstring muscles on hemiplegic side was evaluated by modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), the change of walking speed was evaluated by 10-meter walking speed, the change of walking endurance was evaluated by 6-minute Walking Test, the walking function was evaluated by areas D and E of Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), and the energy consumption was evaluated by physiological cost index (PCI) . Results Two cases dropped out in the observation group. After training, there was no significant difference in MAS score of gastrocnemius muscle in both groups (t < 1.145, P > 0.05), the MAS score of hamstring muscle significantly decreased in the observation group (t = 4.869, P < 0.001), and no significant change was found in the control group (t = 1.458, P > 0.05). After training, the 10-meter walking speed, 6-minute walking distance, the score of GMFM and PCI significantly improved in both groups (|t| > 6.241, P < 0.001), and were better in the observation group than in the control group (|t| > 2.097, P < 0.05). Conclusion FES rehabilitation cycling training can improve the lower limb motor function of children with spastic hemiplegia.

The Influence of Serum Homocysteine Level to the Prognosis of Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients and Analysis of Related Factors / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the influence of serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels to the prognosis of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients, and to explore related factors affecting the prognosis of the patients.@*METHODS@#The clinical pathological data of 180 newly diagnosed MM patients treated in our hospital from March 2013 to February 2015 were collected, and the patients were divided into high and low Hcy groups based on the median Hcy. The survival curves of the patients in the two groups were drawn to compare the differences of the survival; univariate and multivariate survival analysis was used to observe the influence of serum cysteine to the prognosis of newly diagnosed MM patients; the clinicopathological data of the patients with high and low Hcy in the two groups was compared, Pearson test was used to further analyzes the relationship between Hcy and different factors, and explores the related factors of Hcy affecting the prognosis of the patients.@*RESULTS@#The median survival times of patients in the high and low Hcy groups were 32 (5-59) and 41 (7-71) months, respectively. The 3-year survival rate of the patients in high Hcy group was significantly lower than those in low Hcy group, and the difference shows statistically significant (P<0.05). The results of univariate survival analysis showed that the OS of newly diagnosed MM patients whom with advanced age, high bone disease grade, high-level bone marrow plasma cell count, LDH, C-reactive protein, Cr, β@*CONCLUSION@#Serum Hcy level has a correlation trend with the survival of newly diagnosed MM, which is affected by factors such as Hb.

Advance in Physiotherapy of Robot-assisted Lower Limb Rehabilitation for Walking Function in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Walking is the embodiment of the ultimate goal of the central nervous system at the level of biomechanics, which is of great significance to the formation of children's psychological and motor independence. It is necessary to improve walking mobile function to obtain independent mobile ability and the quality of daily life. The standard of routine walking training cannot be unified, and the evaluation index cannot be standardized and quantified. Robot-assisted lower limb rehabilitation is the research hotspot in the field of improving walking mobile function in neurological dysfunction in recent years, which is characterized by high-intensity and repetitive locomotion. This paper briefly introduced the development, classification and rehabilitation mechanism of robot-assisted lower limb rehabilitation, and summarized the application of robot-assisted gait training in the rehabilitation of walking mobile dysfunction of children with spastic cerebral palsy based on the framework of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Robot-assisted lower limb rehabilitation can significantly improve the range of motion, muscle strength and spatiotemporal parameters of spastic cerebral palsy, and significantly improve the short-term motor and balance function. However, the researches on reducing abnormal muscle tone, reducing energy expenditure and improving participation ability are still controversial, and the standard of long-term efficacy and intervention measures still needs to be further studied. In the future, it is necessary to carry out multi-center research with large samples, so that the robot-assisted lower limb rehabilitation can be used as a supplementary mean of routine physical therapy for children with spastic cerebral palsy.

Effect of Robotic-assisted Gait Training on Motor and Walking for Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effect of robotic-assisted gait training on the motor function and walking ability for children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods:From October, 2020 to April, 2021, 34 children with spastic cerebral palsy were randomly divided into control group (n = 17) and experimental group (n = 17). The control group received conventional physical therapy 60 minutes a day, while the experimental group received physical therapy and robotic-assisted gait training, 30 minutes a day respectively. They were assessed with 10-meter walk test (10MWT), 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), Physiological Consumption Index, Gross Motor Functional Measure (D and E dimensions), center of pressure envelope area, and Functional Ambulation Categories before training, eight weeks after training, and one-month follow-up. Results:Four cases dropped out. All the indexes improved in the experimental group after training (|t| > 3.219, P < 0.05), and they were stable as follow-up (|t| < 1.565, P > 0.05), except 10MWT (|t| > 3.491, P < 0.01); while they were better than those in the control group (|t| > 2.108, P < 0.05), except 6MWD. Conclusion:Robotic-assisted gait training can promote the recovery of motor, balance and walking for children with spastic cerebral palsy based on conventional physical therapy, and remain at least one month.

Prevalence and Subtypes of Blastocystis in Alpacas, Vicugna pacos in Shanxi Province, China

Blastocystis, an enteric protist, has been reported to be an important cause of protozoal gastrointestinal manifestations in humans and animals worldwide. Animals harboring certain Blastocystis subtypes (STs) may serve as a potential source of human infection. However, information about the prevalence and genetic diversity of Blastocystis in alpacas is limited. In the present study, a total of 366 fecal samples from alpacas in Shanxi Province, northern China, were examined for Blastocystis by PCR amplification of the small subunit rRNA gene, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The prevalence of Blastocystis in alpacas was 23.8%, and gender difference in the prevalence of Blastocystiswas observed. The most predominant Blastocystis ST was ST10, followed by ST14 and ST5. The detection of ST5, a potentially zoonotic genotype, indicates that alpacas harboring ST5 could be a potential source of human infection with Blastocystis. These data provide new insight into the prevalence and genetic diversity of Blastocystis in alpacas.